Hypoglycemic Effect of Palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer L.) Food Products


Palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer L.) is known as a miracle tree as all parts of the palm provides numerous benefits to mankind. It belongs to the family of Arecaceae and is naturally grown in the Asian region including north and east Sri Lanka, south India and in most other tropical countries. In Tamil culture, palmyrah tree is denoted as “Katpahatharu (heavenly tree)” and in Sinhala, this tree is known as “Thal”. It is important to highlight that this tree can live more than 100 years and reach a height of 30 meters, with a canopy of green-bluish leaves with several dozen fronds spreading 3 m across.

Among the Palmyra based products, ‘neera’ is obtained by tapping the inflorescences. This “neera” can be further processed to prepare jaggery, sugar or candy. In addition to that, ripped Palmyra fruit pulp used in different food preparations such as jam and cordial at the domestic level. Moreover, the fibers from Palmyra fruit are removed by draining through muslin cloths followed by sun-dried. This food is known as ‘pinnatu’. Palmyra tuber based products can be found in two different types; Palmyrah ‘odiyal flour’ (dried tuber flour) and ‘plukodiyal flour’ (boiled, dried tuber flour). These two types of flour are used for traditional food preparations.

Based on the research finding, all the above mentioned Palmyrah products generate low postprandial insulin and glycemic response than reference standard glucose. This research further highlighted that reported low glycemic index and insulin index value is not only due to the fiber content of products, but also due to the bioactive components such as total phenol and saponin etc. Furthermore, the physical structure of palmyrah products may also contribute to low postprandial insulin and glycemic response.
However, Palmyrah ‘odiyal flour’ (dried tuber flour) may have hepatotoxic and neurotoxic factors due to the presence of high total amine concentration. Some research shows that the flour of palmyrah, on heating at 80°C for 45 minutes caused the removal of hepatotoxic and neurotoxic factors, effectively. Future studies evaluating the toxicity levels can be undertaken to increase the marketability of the Palmyra products.


References

Mahilrajan, S., Balakumar, S., Arasaratnam, V., Kumanan, T. & Kailayalinka, R. (2017). Glycemic Index and Insulin Index of Palmyrah Based Edible Products Commonly Consumed in Jaffna. IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 3, 37-42.

Keerthi, A.A.P., Hoevan, R.V.D., Nikawaka, J.K., & Jansz, E.R. (2002). Studies on the Effect of the Heat on the Neurotoxic Factor of Palmyrah Flour. Vidyodaya Journal of Science, 11, 79-85.

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